![]() ![]() The bases in DNA are Adenine (‘A’), Thymine (‘T’), Guanine (‘G’) and Cytosine (‘C’). RNA contains ribose sugar molecules, without the hydroxyl modifications of deoxyribose. The sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, which contains one less hydroxyl group than RNA’s ribose. ![]() A large RNA molecule might only be a few thousand base pairs long. RNA molecules are variable in length, but much shorter than long DNA polymers. A chromosome, for example, is a single, long DNA molecule, which would be several centimetres in length when unravelled. RNA sometimes forms a secondary double helix structure, but only intermittently.ĭNA is a much longer polymer than RNA. RNA strands are shorter than DNA strands. RNA only has one strand, but like DNA, is made up of nucleotides. Each nucleotide contains a phosphate, a 5-carbon sugar molecule and a nitrogenous base. These strands are made up of subunits called nucleotides. RNA converts the genetic information contained within DNA to a format used to build proteins, and then moves it to ribosomal protein factories.ĭNA consists of two strands, arranged in a double helix. It is a blueprint for all genetic information contained within an organism. DNA replicates and stores genetic information.
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